What Is Zolpidem?

‘Zolpidem’ is commonly sold under the brand name ‘Ambien’, which belongs to a class of drugs known as sedative-hypnotics. These medications are primarily used to treat sleep disorders like Insomnia. Sedative hypnotics work by slowing down brain activity, which helps induce sleep and promote relaxation.

This medicine acts on GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) receptors in the brain, increasing their inhibitory effect that leads to a calming effect that helps people fall asleep more easily.

However, unlike some other sedative-hypnotics such as benzodiazepines, Zolpidem is designed to improve sleep more specifically, with muscle relaxant or anti-anxiety effects.

This class of drugs is intended for short-term treatment, as long-term use of this medication can lead to dependency, tolerance, or cognitive side effects. Other medications in the sedative-hypnotic class include drugs like eszopiclone (Lunesta) and zaleplon (Sonata), which also treat sleep issues but may differ in how quickly they act or how long they last.

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How Should I Use Zolpidem

Zolpidem is primarily used in the treatment of Insomnia, a sleeping condition that makes it difficult for people to fall or stay asleep. It is particularly effective for short-term treatment, especially when someone is struggling with sleep onset (difficulty falling asleep). 

Zolpidem is available in different forms, including immediate-release tablets, which help people fall asleep quickly, and extended-release tablets, which help them stay asleep for a longer time.

The medication should be taken right before bedtime, as it works rapidly, typically within 15-30 minutes. It’s important that the person plans for a full night of sleep (7-8 hours) to avoid feeling groggy or impaired the next day. 

Zolpidem should not be taken with alcohol or other substances or drugs that can affect the central nervous system, as this increases the risk of side effects.

It is meant for short-term use (usually 7 to 10 days), as extended use can lead to dependence or reduced effectiveness.

People should not take it unless they have sufficient time to sleep afterward, as it may cause dizziness or drowsiness the following day. Long-term or misuse of Zolpidem can also lead to problems like memory impairment, sleepwalking, or other unusual behaviors.

Dosing Information

The dose varies from person to person based on their age, sex, medical condition, formulation of the drug, and the strength of the medicine being used that are (immediate-release or extended-release).

Immediate-release tablets (for sleep) –

• For adults the initial dose for women is 5 mg and 5-10 mg for men, taken once per night, just before bedtime. Women generally receive a lower dose due to slower metabolism of the drug.
• For elderly people, the dose should be 5 mg once per night, as they are more sensitive to the effects of sedative-hypnotics.

Extended-release tablets (for sleep and maintenance) –

• For adults, the usual starting dose is 6.25 mg for women and 6.25-12.5 mg for men, taken before bedtime.
• For elderly people, the dose should be 6.25 mg once per night, which is recommended to reduce the risk of side effects.

Sublingual Tablets (for midnight awakenings) –

• For adults, the dose is typically 1.75 mg for women and 3.5 mg for men, but only if at least 4 hours of sleep remain. Zolpidem should be taken on an empty stomach, as food can delay its effect. Always follow the doctor’s instructions, and never exceed the prescribed dosage.

It is essential to take Zolpidem on an empty stomach for quicker onset and avoid alcohol or other sedatives. Long-term use should be avoided, and the medication should be taken exactly as prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Zolpidem Side Effects 

Zolpidem can cause severe side effects, which can be mild to serious. Here’s a summary of the most common and notable side effects caused by using Zolpidem –

Common Side Effects of Zolpidem are – 

• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Nausea

Serious Side Effects of Zolpidem that can be dangerous to one’s health –

• Memory Problems
• Sleepwalking or Other Unusual Behaviours 
• Mood Changes 
• Allergic Reactions
• Confusion
• Lack of coordination

If you experience any of these side effects immediately contact your healthcare professional to control the symptoms before it gets worse.

Things To Avoid While Using Zolpidem

Avoid using Zolpidem during travelling, such as sleep on an airplane or bus. You may awake before the effects of the medicine have worn off. Otherwise, it can cause (forgetfulness) which is more common if you do not get a full sleep of around 7 to 8 hours after taking Zolpidem.

Do not drink alcohol in excess during this medication, as dangerous side effects or death could occur.

Avoid taking this medication with food or right after having a heavy meal. Your body may take longer to absorb the medicine and to work properly.

Avoid driving or any attention-taking activity until you know how Zolpidem will affect you, and you may have to experience dizziness or drowsiness that can cause falls, accidents, or severe injuries.

Final Words

As you already know, Zolpidem is very beneficial in the treatment of Insomnia when used correctly according to the doctor’s prescription. 

Some people misuse Ambien to get a peaceful sleep. However, it can lead to dependency and addiction to the drug, which is not good for one’s health. It can boost the risk of heart attack or stroke, leading to headaches, addiction, and high blood pressure. 

Overdose of Zolpidem can result in loss of appetite, and most people misuse it to stay away from stress, which is also dangerous to health. So, one should never use these medicines without a doctor’s prescription. 

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